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James SowarbyBookbinder42 Elizabeth StreetNew YorkNew York ( 1817)  1.1.  Hannah French, “Early American Bookbinding by Hand” from: “Bookbinding inAmerica” Lehmann-Haupt ed. 1967. pg.109

Christopher Sower  Sr. (Sauer) d.1758Printer, paper maker, ink manufacturer, and bookbinder*GermantownPennsylvania ( 1738-1758)  1.*Sixteen trade were attributed to Sower, see I. Thomas pg 409 1 Isiah Thomas relates:  ‘Sower came to America in 1724 and followed variousoccupations including button mold making, farming, stove casting and someassociation with medicine. He seems to have acquired a press and type fromsome German Baptists and with ingenuity and the help of some good workmanbecame successful. Sower would publish a German Bible, only the second biblepublished in America, and later would open a mill to manufacture paper, learn bookbinding and begin type casting.’  He would be succeeded by ChristopherSower Jr, pg 406-4082. Hannah French, “Early American Bookbinding by Hand” from: “Bookbinding inAmerica” Lehmann-Haupt ed. 1967. pg.103.

Christopher Sower (Sauer), JuniorType founder, paper ruler, ink manufacturer, and bookbinderGermantownPennsylvania ( ?(*) -1784)  1.* A   C. Sewer published an edition of The new England Primer, in Germantown in 1770. This could be Sower Sr, . Paul Leicester Ford, The New England Primer, a History, 1897,  pg. 315. 1. Christopher Jr. was  trained as a printer by his father, and would laterestablished him self as a bookbinder. Upon, his father’s  death  ChristopherJr,  would take on and expand his father’s various businesses. Many of thesebusinesses were  damaged during the Battle of Germantown. At the end of thewar his entire estate was confiscated and Christopher would return to bindingbooks, an occupation he would continue until his death. see  Isiah Thomas, pg.408-414.2.  Hannah French, “Early American Bookbinding by Hand” from: “Bookbinding inAmerica” Lehmann-Haupt ed. 1967. pg.103.3.  Catalogue of Ornamental Leather Bookbindings Executed in America Prior to1850, by The Grolier Club, pg. 1.

David Sower _( or Sauer)_Bookbinder and stationer73 Sassafras streetPhiladelphiaPennsylvania   1.1. (1794) Philadelphia City Directory, pg. 145. note: Samuel Sower, printer,next door at 71 Sassafras.2. (1796) Sower, David & William Jones , 66 North Third street: PhiladelphiaCity Directory pg. 162. Same address in 1797, pg. 170.3. (1796-1797) 21 N. Fourth Street:  Hannah French, “Early AmericanBookbinding by Hand” from: “Bookbinding in America” Lehmann-Haupt ed. 1967.pg.115.

Oliver SpaffordBookbindercorner Second and MainCincinnatiOhio 1.1. (1819) Cincinnati City Directory, Farnsworth pg.140.